Every person counted in 1930 was asked after his of her race and according to this the population was divided into four groups viz: Indonesians, Chinese, Europeans, and other Asiatics.
The Indonesians were further subdivided into 16 groups. Only 2 of these groups, Sundanese and Madurese, occurred in the D.I. Jogjakarta in any percentage worth mentioning.
The population of the D.I. Jogjakarta appeared to be even more “Javanese” than that of the province of Central-Java, as appears from the figures of Table II – 3.
Table II – 3
Composition of the total population of the D.I. Jogjakarta and the province Central-Java according to nationality according to the census 1930.
Not counted for Indonesians were Indonesian women married to non-Indonesians. Non-Indonesian women married to Indonesians were counted for Indonesians. The same method was applied to other groups. In the group Europeans has been included a small group actually belonging to another, but looked upon as European judicially.
The Chinese, however, who had the same status, were included in the group Chinese. The group other Asiatics comprised natives from lands surrounding Indonesia. This group consisted largely of Arabs.
The data available about the population on December 31, 1955 are much more limited. Here only these distinctions are made: Indonesians, Chinese, Europeans, and other Asiatics.
The ratio appeared to be as follows: Indonesians comprised 99.35 per cent., Chinese 0.64 per cent., Europeans 0.009 per cent., and other Asiatics 0.007 per cent. of the total population of the D.I. Jogjakarta.
Division of the various races among the population over town and country.
The Indonesians not of the Javanese race, appeared to be concentrated mainly in the city of Jogjakarta just as the non-Indonesians were. These small groups were a perceptible percentage there merely because they lived mainly in the town. From the non-Javanese Indonesians 92% lived in the town. The figures concerning the Chinese and the European population were 73% and 77% respectively.
In 1930 and in 1955 the population of the city of Jogjakarta, arranged according to race was composed as follows:
Table II – 4
Composition of the population of the town Jogjakarta according to nationality in 1930 and in 1955.
In 1930 99.7 per cent. of the rural population consisted of Javanese, the inhabitants proper of this area. Only a small part viz. 8 per cent. of the total Javanese population lived inside the city of Jogjakarta. The greater part lived in the villages and hamlets outside the town. The kabupatens of Gunung Kidul and of Kulon Progo were inhabited by Javanese for 99.9 per cent. and 99.7 per cent., while Sleman and Bantul were inhabited by them for 99.4 per cent. and 99.6 per cent. respectively. The slightly smaller figures for the last two kabupatens are accounted for by the fact that in those days some 16 sugar factories and 2 tobacco plantations were operating here. In these undertakings comparatively many foreigners were employed.